What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. 3. a. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. endstream endobj startxref This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ %PDF-1.6 % To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. II. 254 0 obj <> endobj a. 2 This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. Key Concepts. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. In . Answers may vary. endstream endobj startxref !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 Lessons. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. Discover world-changing science. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. 2. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. Answers may vary. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. 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