This slide was reported to have travelled 12 km. Other kishlaks were destroyed by loess flowslides in the lower Obi-Kabud River valley and on the north side of the Surkhob River valley. One such natural catastrophe occurred in July of 1949, when the 7.4 magnitude Khait Earthquake triggered hundreds of landslides near the southern limits of the Tien Shan ranges in central Tajikistan. The U.S. Geological Survey has developed a method to estimate the cost of landslide damages in regional and local areas and has applied the method in three urban areas and one rural area. It ended up carrying 50-100 million cubic meters of water, mud, and rocks, which reached the village of Yungay and smothered all life forms therein under its deadly cover. The final volume of the landslide is estimated to be about 75 MCM. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The landslide was triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake and buried 33 villages and has by some estimates killed 28,000 people. The event, known as the Diexi Slides, claimed more than 3,000 lives, and destroyed many villages within the affected region. A statue of a grieving woman is built at the site which serves as a reminder of this landslide, recorded as one of the worst in history. Copyright 2023. A major landslide in 2011 cost between $13 and $15 million in repairs from damage to Utah State Highway 14 (estimated by the Utah Department of Transportation). This report summarizes the costs of landslide damage in San Diego County, Calif., during the winters of 1978-79 and 1979-80 and compares them with data for certain other areas in the United States. 1 What has been the 10 worst landslide disasters in history? According to them, thoughtless human intervention in the Himalayan mountain ecosystem had rendered the ecosystem extremely fragile and prone to disaster. [2] References. It had a magnitude of 7.5 and triggered a series of landslides that together led to 7,200 deaths. These include ground shaking, landslides, liquefaction, and in some areas, tsunamis. 1), total survey area is over 10 700 km2. Huaraz Debris Flows, Ancash, Peru, December 1941 (5,000 deaths) 62 Nevado Huascaran Debris Fall, Ranrahirca, Peru, January 1962 (4,500 deaths) Khait Landslide, Tajikstan, July 1949 (4,000 deaths)) Diexi Slides, Sichuan, China, August 1933 (3,000+ deaths) What are the harmful effect of landslide? A more recent study, based on the size of affected settlements and the likely population density, gave an estimate of 7,200 of which about 800 were caused by the Khait landslide and 4,000 by the Yasman valley flowslide. Huge boulders in the landscape can be signs of past debris flows. Where certain geologic Main scarp : A steep surface on the conditions exist . One of the worst natural disasters in the history of India occurred in June of 2013, when powerful flash floods killed around 5,700 people in the Himalayan state of Uttarakhand. Stalker ). As a result of work performed, we have highlighted, described and assessed the following natural hazards: earthquakes, floods, landslides, mudflows, river and ravine erosion, suffusion, karst and subsidence. While the whole city and closeby villages and towns were engulfed by the gigantic chunk of earth and its debris it is unclear about the exact number of people who died mainly because during that time the Soviet Union guarded such information but the total death toll was somewhere around 28,000. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Another dam in the nearby Lake Jircacocha was also broken by the flowing glacial water, resulting in the furious waters of both of the two lakes emptying themselves onto the city of Huaraz, claiming more than 5,000 lives in the process. [2], This landslide began with the failure of a large mass of rock high on the western flank of Chokrak Mountain above the village of Khait. Deadliest Landslides In Recorded History. Landslides, also known as landslips, are several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, deep-seated slope failures, mudflows, and debris flows. Yungay Landslide. A lot of the landslides are all natural disasters that come from problems with Mother Nature including problems with the soil and trouble with weather . For centuries, the mountainous belt running through Central Asia has witnessed a large number of disasters involving earthquake-triggered landslides. The result is wearing off of the earths surface. 800 people lost their lives when . One significant but until now slightly elusive such event has been the 1949 Khait earthquake. This will be the topic of an upcoming post.ReferenceEvans, S., Roberts, N., Ischuk, A., Delaney, K., Morozova, G., & Tutubalina, O. Expansive soils contain a significant amount of clay which can expand when wet and shrink when dry. Landslide attacks can damage enemies across the Rift Plane. Kneale, 1985. . On March 28, the Servicio Nacional de Gestin de Riesgos reported 4 fatalities, 4 injured people, around 15 damaged houses and damaged roads due to a landslide in Cuenca City . Changes occur in your landscape such as patterns of storm-water drainage on slopes (especially the places where runoff water converges) land movement, small slides, flows, or progressively . Most of the fatalities were caused by numerous landslides triggered by the earthquake. Social agitators claim that many people lost their lives mainly because the area did not have strict rules on the construction of homes, which allowed people to build homes on unstable ground. Huaraz Debris Flows, Ancash, Peru, December 1941 . What hazards may happen in the event of earthquake landslide and volcanic eruption? This compares with the reported delay of 3 to 4 minutes between the earthquake and the destruction of Khit, which suggests an overall velocity of 26 m/s. [3], In the area of maximum felt intensity (>IX) most kishlaks were completely destroyed. Numerous kishlaks in the Yasman River valley were overwhelmed by the loess flowslide that swept down the whole length of the valley. It had a magnitude of 7.5 and triggered a series of landslides that together led to 7,200 deaths. United States, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), Estimating the costs of landslide damage in the United States. Not long after its construction, on October 9, 1963, a gigantic sized piece of the mountain that was the size of a town fell into the man-made lake behind the dam. In July 1949, the M7.4 Khait earthquake triggered hundreds of landslides in a mountainous region near the southern limit of the Tien Shan, central Tajikistan. (2003) Rockfall hazard analysis for Hong Kong based on rockfall inventory Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, Vol. American Geosciences Institute. The improper development at the hillsides in these regions and also the lack of construction laws led to the cramped, possibly overpopulated settling in the risky hilly regions. Article history: Earthquake-triggered landslides are a major geological hazard in Central Asia. The Yungay Landslide in Yungay, a rural community in Peru happened on May 31, 1970, due to three different natural disasters. Economic damage caused by major landslides worldwide as of 2016. The lahars moved down the mountains with high velocity and swept away and drowned all that were unfortunate enough to be in its path. Following this, as hazard management, a set of tunnels called Ampera Tunnels were built to control the craters water levels. About 40 million cubic meters of water exploded from the crater lake with lots of volcanic material, ash, and sediment to form dangerous lahars. For the Yasman Valley flowslide they estimate about 4,000 fatalities, and they determine that there were probably a further 2,400 deaths. The basis and starting point of cost estimation in this methodology is a landslide database, e.g., the one maintained by our working group (cf. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS [1] It is also unclear whether these figures refer to all those killed as a result of the earthquake, or only those caused by the Khait landslide. Site. Of the 8 th International Conf. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The main shock had a magnitude of 7.4 calculated as the 'unified magnitude' using the 'Soviet Method'. The rainfall triggered a series of large and small flash floods and debris flows that claimed around 30,000 lives in the region. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Although heavy rainfall affected other states like Haryana, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh almost 90% of the fatalities were associated with Uttarakhand. Estimates of the average annual cost of landslide damage for the urban areas studied are $5,900,000 in the San Francisco Bay area; $4,000,000 in Allegheny County, Pa.; and $5,170,000 in Hamilton County, Ohio. About 33 villages were buried under the debris all caused by the failure of unconsolidated loess deposits. [3] Published estimates of the number of casualties range from 5,000 to 28,000. The landslide dam located downstream came apart after the earthquake, precisely 45 days later, on October 9. The landslide is located on the Kabir Kuh anticline in Southwest Iran at 33 degrees north latitude, 47.65 degrees east longitude. In December of 1941, the residents of Huaraz, a Peruvian city in the Ancash region, were completely unaware that a retreating glacier tongue above their city would soon be responsible for wreaking havoc its people and claim thousands of the lives living within. [1], Most of the landslides triggered by the earthquake were loess flowslides, involving failure and flow of unconsolidated loess material. The mudslide in Peru in 1983 caused . The landslide was triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake and buried 33 villages and has by some estimates killed 28,000 people. The number of casualties due to earthquake-triggered landslides in the epicentral region was considerable. In the Yasman valley hundreds of loess Acknowledgements For the Khait landslide itself they conclude that about 800 fatalities is probably a reasonable estimate note that this very considerably less than earlier estimates. It travelled with an estimated velocity of about 40m/s.[3]. On March 11, 1996, OES forwarded the city's appeal to Region IX with the request that the DSR be revised to include landslide repair costs that are eligible under 44 CFR 206.225. The landslide was triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake and buried 33 villages and has by some estimates killed 28,000 people. More than the usual rainfall that year made it worse. The 1920 Gansu earthquake shockingly initiated 675 big landslides that spread throughout the Gansu province. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, Haiyuan Landslides, China, 1920 - 200,000 deaths, Vargas Tragedy, Venezuela, 1999 - 30,000 deaths, Khait Landslides, Tajikistan, 1949 - 28,000 deaths, Armero Tragedy, Colombia, 1985 - 20,000 to 23,000 deaths, Yungay Landslide, Peru, 1970 - 22,000 deaths, Diexi Landslides, China, 1933 - 9,300 deaths, North India Landslides, India, 2013 - 5,700 to 6,054 deaths, Huaraz Debris Flow, Peru, 1941 - 5,000 deaths, Nevado Huascaran Debris Fall, Ranrahirca, Peru, January 1962 - 4,500 deaths, Vajont Dam Landslide, Italy, 1963 - 2,500 deaths, Kelud Lahars Landslide, Indonesia, 1919 - 200 deaths. The average cost of a water damage or freezing claim is $11,098. Landslides are the most costly geo-hazard in the world, and theyre often the cause or the result of other hazards and disasters such as tsunamis, earthquakes, wildfires, and volcanic eruptions. . This landslide killed all but one of the 577 people in the town of Deixi. Uncategorized The old town of Diexi suffered the worst fate of all as it sank into the landslide-created dam below. Losses from landslides in the United States were estimated in 1980 to exceed $1 billion per year. "Beginning from 2011, UNDP has been implementing Tajik-Afghan Poverty Reduction Initiative (TAPRI), financed by the Government of Japan and aimed at addressing cross-border issues in the south of Tajikistan and the north of Afghanistan. More recently, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated annual losses to be between $2 billion and $4 billion per year. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Type of Geohazard Incident: Massive landslide in So.Tagaytay and So. The biggest problem here was that the debris of the landslides blocked the rivers and caused major overflows resulting in terrible floods. In the Khait landslide alone we estimate ca. Deadliest Landslides In Recorded History. The entire village transformed into a messy graveyard and only about 350 people were impressively saved, 300 of which were children, all of who went to the local circus. The impact of a landslide can be extensive, including loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, damage to land and loss of natural resources. Surface on the Kabir Kuh anticline in Southwest Iran khait landslide damage cost 33 degrees latitude. 3,000 lives, and destroyed many villages within the affected region Yungay landslide in So.Tagaytay So... 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